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Toyota Corolla1992-1998 of releaseRepair and operation of the car |
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Toyota Corolla + 1. Maintenance instruction + 2. Maintenance - 3. Engines - 3.1. Petrol engines + 3.1.1. Repair work without dismantle of the engine from the car - 3.1.2. Dismantle and capital repairs 3.1.2.1. Specifications 3.1.2.2. Diagnostics of the engine by means of a vakuumer 3.1.2.3. Check of a compression in engine cylinders + 3.1.2.4. Dismantle of the power unit - methods and safety measures 3.1.2.5. Alternatives of capital repairs of the engine 3.1.2.6. Order of dismantling of the engine 3.1.2.7. Head of the block of cylinders 3.1.2.8. Repair of valves 3.1.2.9. Shatunno-porshnevaya group 3.1.2.10. Dismantle of the crankshaft 3.1.2.11. Block of cylinders 3.1.2.12. Honningovaniye of cylinders 3.1.2.13. Cranked shaft 3.1.2.14. Radical and shatunny bearings 3.1.2.15. Engine assembly order 3.1.2.16. Piston rings 3.1.2.17. Installation of a cranked shaft and check of gaps of radical bearings 3.1.2.18. Back epiploon 3.1.2.19. Installation of shatunno-piston group 3.1.2.20. Start-up of the engine after repair and a running in + 3.2. Diesel engine + 3.3. Electric equipment of the engine + 4. Cooling systems, heating + 5. Fuel, exhaust systems + 6. System of decrease in toxicity + 7. Transmissions + 8. Coupling and half shafts + 9. Brake system + 10. Suspension bracket and steering + 11. Body + 12. Electric equipment |
3.1.2.2. Diagnostics of the engine by means of the vacuum gage
Connection of the vacuum gage to not used union on the soaking-up collector
Measurement of depression is reliable and rather cheap way of diagnostics of the engine. According to indications of the vacuum gage it is possible to receive idea of a condition of piston group, of tightness of laying of a head of the block of the cylinders which are soaking up and final collectors, correctness of adjustments of a power supply system of the engine and production of exhaust gases, the capacity of exhaust gases, a condition of valves (their sticking or a burn-out) and springs of valves, and also to check correctness of adjustment of the moment of ignition and preservation of phases of gas distribution during the operation of the engine. Unfortunately, it is difficult to interpret indications of the vacuum gage and results of the analysis of indications can be wrong therefore, it is expedient to unite vacuum diagnostics with other methods. Initial factors on which indications of the vacuum gage are analyzed and draw the most exact conclusions about a condition of the engine, absolute instrument reading and nature of the movement of an arrow of the device (dynamics of indications) are. The scale of the majority of vacuum gages is graduated in mm. rt. column. In process of depression increase (and according to pressure drop) instrument reading increases. On each 300 m above sea level absolute indications of the vacuum gage will differ approximately on 25 mm Hg. Attach the vacuum gage directly to the soaking-up collector (see rice. Connection of the vacuum gage to not used union on the soaking-up collector), but not to other openings through which is created vacuum, the channel of a certain length separated from a collector (for example, to openings before a butterfly valve). Before tests completely warm up the engine. Block wheels and put the car on the emergency brake. At position of the lever of gear shifting in neutral situation (or in the situation Park on cars with automatic transmission) start the engine and leave to idle. Prevention Check the indication of the vacuum gage. On the serviceable engine the vacuum gage has to show depression of 430-560 mm Hg, and the arrow of the device has to be not mobile almost. Below the description of character of indications of the vacuum gage and a technique of definition of a condition of the engine on their basis follows. Too low level of depression usually indicates leakage of laying between the soaking-up collector and a chamber of a butterfly valve, a vacuum hose, and also too late ignition or for the wrong moment of opening and closing of valves. Before uncovering a gear belt and to check combination of adjusting tags check installation of ignition by means of a stroboscope and eliminate all other possible reasons, being guided by the check techniques described in the present Chapter. If indications of the vacuum gage are 75-200 mm Hg lower normal and are unstable (the arrow twitches), it indicates a leak in laying on an entrance of the soaking-up collector or on malfunction of a nozzle. If the arrow regularly deviates on 50–100 mm Hg, leakage of valves is the reason. For confirmation of this conclusion check a compression in engine cylinders. The arrow irregularly deviates towards low indications, or shaking shows low depression. The increased resistance to the movement of valves, or interruptions in operation of cylinders is a probable cause. Check a compression in cylinders and examine candles. If idling the arrow quickly fluctuates within 100 mm Hg, and operation of the engine is followed by a smoke from the muffler, the directing plugs of valves are worn-out. For check of this conclusion it is necessary to carry out tests of combustion chambers for tightness (with an air rating). If the arrow quickly fluctuates and the increase in turns of the engine is at the same time observed, it is necessary to check tightness of laying of the soaking-up collector, elasticity of springs of valves. Such indications can be also caused by a burn-out of valves and interruptions in operation of cylinders (ignition failures). Weak fluctuations of an arrow (within 20–30 mm Hg in both parties) indicate unstable work of ignition. Check all provided installations and adjustments, if necessary connect the analyzer of system of ignition to the engine. At big fluctuations of an arrow check a compression in cylinders, or carry out tests for tightness as can be causes of defect the idle cylinder, or violation of tightness of laying of a head of cylinders. If instrument readings slowly change in the wide range, check purity of pipelines of system of compulsory ventilation of a case, correctness of adjustment of gas mixture, tightness of laying of the case of a butterfly valve, or the soaking-up collector. Sharply open a butterfly valve and when turns of the engine reach 2500 rpm release the gate. The gate has to come back to a starting position slowly. Indications of the vacuum gage have to reduce almost to zero, then increase and exceed the control indications corresponding to stationary idling approximately on 125 mm Hg then depression has to be restored at the former level. If depression is restored slowly, and at sharp opening of the gate excess of the control indication is absent, wear of piston rings can be the reason. At the slowest restoration of depression check purity of a final path (as a rule the muffler or the catalytic converter). The easiest way of such check consists in disconnection of an exhaust path before a suspicious site and in test repetition. |
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